系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的保持(chi)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)由一(yi)(yi)系(xi)(xi)列的系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)階段(duan)或系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)工作中(zhong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)組成的，一(yi)(yi)切系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)能夠(gou)區劃為好幾(ji)個不一(yi)(yi)樣(yang)的系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)階段(duan)或系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)工作中(zhong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)。可是(shi)，針對一(yi)(yi)個系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的全過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)或是(shi)-個系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的工作中(zhong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)來講，他們都必須有一(yi)(yi)-個相對性(xing)應的系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)理過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)。這(zhe)類系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)理過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)般是(shi)由5種不一(yi)(yi)樣(yang)的系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)理實(shi)(shi)際過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)組成的。這(zhe)5種系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)理實(shi)(shi)際過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)組成了一(yi)(yi)個系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)理過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)組，一(yi)(yi)個系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)理過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)組所(suo)包含的5種實(shi)(shi)際管(guan)(guan)理方法過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng):啟動-方案-操縱(zong)-實(shi)(shi)行-完畢。
1.系統項目啟動
在系(xi)統項目(mu)管理中，啟動(dong)階段(duan)是(shi)(shi)鑒(jian)別(bie)和啟動(dong)個新(xin)(xin)項 目(mu)或系(xi)統項目(mu)新(xin)(xin)階段(duan)的(de)(de)過(guo)程。 在這(zhe)里(li)一階段(duan)中顧客(ke)要向開發方(fang)或系(xi)統項目(mu)承攬(lan)企業出示要求(系(xi)統項目(mu))建議，開發方(fang)收到要求建議后，依據規(gui)定開展(zhan)系(xi)統項目(mu)的(de)(de)鑒(jian)別(bie)和系(xi)統項目(mu)的(de)(de)設計構(gou)思。為了保證以(yi)適度的(de)(de)原(yuan)因啟動(dong)適合的(de)(de)系(xi)統項目(mu)，必須開展(zhan)利(li)益相關者(zhe)剖析、項目(mu)可行性和界定系(xi)統項目(mu)，并明確下-階段(duan)是(shi)(shi)不是(shi)(shi)必須進行。
界(jie)定系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)通常是(shi)(shi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)管理(li)過程最(zui)開(kai)始的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，都是(shi)(shi)十(shi)分(fen)關鍵的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個每日(ri)任(ren)務(wu)。在這一(yi)(yi)階段(duan)必(bi)(bi)(bi)須回(hui)應(ying)“被開(kai)發(fa)設(she)計(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)是(shi)(shi)啥?” “為保持這目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)地(di)有什么 總(zong)體(ti)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)是(shi)(shi)必(bi)(bi)(bi)需的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)?”“是(shi)(shi)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)存 在將會(hui)(hui)危害系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)取得(de)成(cheng)功的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)假定、風險性、阻礙?”等難題。這一(yi)(yi)階段(duan)還必(bi)(bi)(bi)須明(ming)確(que)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)范(fan)(fan)(fan)疇(chou)，主要包(bao)括(kuo)開(kai)發(fa)方(fang)與客(ke)戶彼此的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)同書、手機軟(ruan)件(jian)要進行的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵作(zuo)用及(ji)這種作(zuo)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)量(liang)化(hua)分(fen)析范(fan)(fan)(fan)疇(chou)、系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)開(kai)發(fa)設(she)計(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)階段(duan)周期(qi)時間等;手機軟(ruan)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)限定標(biao)準、特性、可靠性也都務(wu)必(bi)(bi)(bi)確(que)立(li)地(di)表明(ming);務(wu)必(bi)(bi)(bi)考慮顧客(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定。系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)范(fan)(fan)(fan)疇(chou)是(shi)(shi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)執(zhi)行的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)根據和(he)變動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸入(ru)，只(zhi)能將系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)范(fan)(fan)(fan)疇(chou)開(kai)展(zhan)確(que)立(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)界(jie)定，才可以開(kai)展(zhan)非常好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)整(zheng)體(ti)規(gui)劃。系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)總(zong)體(ti)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)務(wu)必(bi)(bi)(bi)是(shi)(shi)可保持可量(liang)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。這一(yi)(yi)步假如管理(li)方(fang)法得(de)不(bu)太好(hao)，會(hui)(hui)造成(cheng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)后不(bu)成(cheng)功。
系統(tong)(tong)項目(mu)的(de)啟動期盡(jin)管資源投人少(shao)，親身(shen)經歷的(de)時間(jian)較短，但其(qi)必要性確是無法(fa)估量的(de)。針對(dui)開(kai)發方而(er)言，它立(li)即(ji)決策著(zhu)可否獲得系統(tong)(tong)項目(mu)的(de)修建權(quan);對(dui)系統(tong)(tong)項目(mu)的(de)總體目(mu)標而(er)言，這一階段明(ming)確提出的(de)系統(tong)(tong)項目(mu)計劃方案立(li)即(ji)決策著(zhu)其(qi)將來的(de)宏偉藍圖和基礎架(jia)構。
2.系統項目方案
啟動階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)完(wan)畢后，系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)進(jin)(jin)入方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)。一般(ban)來說，顧客根據開發方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)計(ji)劃(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)，并簽合同以后，便進(jin)(jin)人該階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)。該階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)會為早已作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)出(chu)(chu)管理(li)決策要(yao)(yao)執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)定(ding)(ding)編(bian)各式各樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(對于(yu)全(quan)(quan)(quan)部(bu)(bu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)期(qi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)、成(cheng)本計(ji)劃(hua)(hua)、質量計(ji)劃(hua)(hua)、資源方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)和(he)(he)(he)集成(cheng)化方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)等)。在(zai)這種制定(ding)(ding)計(ji)劃(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)另外，一般(ban)還必(bi)須進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)必(bi)需的(de)(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)設計(ji)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)中，進(jin)(jin)而全(quan)(quan)(quan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)位(wei)設計(ji)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)和(he)(he)(he)定(ding)(ding)義全(quan)(quan)(quan)部(bu)(bu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)各階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)需要(yao)(yao)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)中、相關(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)產(chan)出(chu)(chu)率(lv)物的(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)(quan)(quan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)位(wei)規定(ding)(ding)和(he)(he)(he)要(yao)(yao)求( 包含技術性層(ceng)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)、品質層(ceng)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)、總(zong)數(shu)層(ceng)面(mian)、經濟(ji)發展層(ceng)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)等)。事實(shi)(shi)上，這一階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)中是對系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)出(chu)(chu)率(lv)物和(he)(he)(he)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)中作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)出(chu)(chu)全(quan)(quan)(quan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)設計(ji)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)和(he)(he)(he)要(yao)(yao)求。系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)合理(li)管理(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法立(li)即取決于(yu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)。在(zai)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)管理(li)中，計(ji)劃(hua)(hua)編(bian)制是最繁(fan)雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)階(jie)(jie)(jie)段(duan)。定(ding)(ding)編(bian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)地是具(ju)(ju)體指導(dao)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)落(luo)實(shi)(shi)措施(shi)(shi)。以便具(ju)(ju)體指導(dao)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)，方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)務必(bi)具(ju)(ju)備現實(shi)(shi)性和(he)(he)(he)實(shi)(shi)效(xiao)性。因而，必(bi)須作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)出(chu)(chu)一一個具(ju)(ju)備現實(shi)(shi)性和(he)(he)(he)應(ying)用性的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)，必(bi)須在(zai)計(ji)劃(hua)(hua)編(bian)制過程投人很多的(de)(de)(de)(de)時間(jian)和(he)(he)(he)人工(gong)服務，并且(qie)還必(bi)須有(you)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)經驗的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人員來開展方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)定(ding)(ding)編(bian)。當應(ying)對個有(you)一定(ding)(ding)經營規模的(de)(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)時，通常必(bi)須對于(yu)下列難題(ti)得出(chu)(chu)整體規劃(hua)(hua):
●方案系統(tong)項(xiang)目報名參加工作人員的組成(cheng)、職(zhi)責分工與(yu)機構方法(fa);
●對系統項目需要的硬件(jian)配置、軟件(jian)資源以及他各類花費(fei)支出作(zuo)出估算;
●開(kai)展系統(tong)項目(mu)任務分解，確立系統(tong)項目(mu)里程碑式(shi)以及文本(ben)文檔成份;
●對(dui)系統開發(fa)設計項目(mu)風險(xian)性作出估算，并對(dui)減少風險(xian)性得出方(fang)案;
●制訂工(gong)作中流程，分配工(gong)作中系統(tong)進(jin)程和人員配置;
●制訂系(xi)統項目操縱(zong)、監管對策。
方(fang)案(an)(an)(an)的(de)詳盡(jin)和(he)復雜性與(yu)系統項目(mu)的(de)經營規模、種類息息相(xiang)關，但方(fang)案(an)(an)(an)的(de)編制管理次序基本(ben)一致，包(bao)含(han):總體目(mu)標溶解、每日任務主題活動的(de)明確、每日任務主題活動溶解和(he)排(pai)列、達到目(mu)標的(de)時(shi)間估計、進度計劃表(biao)、資源(yuan)方(fang)案(an)(an)(an)、經費預算和(he)編出方(fang)案(an)(an)(an)文本(ben)文檔。此(ci)外，制定目(mu)標也要(yao)考(kao)慮(lv)到質量計劃、機構方(fang)案(an)(an)(an)、溝通交流方(fang)案(an)(an)(an)、風(feng)險分析(xi)及解決(jue)對策(ce)等。對各個領域(yu)考(kao)慮(lv)到得越(yue)周全，越(yue)有益于下階段(duan)的(de)開展。
當一(yi)個(ge)系統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)中(zhong)(zhong)必(bi)須(xu)應用外(wai)(wai)界承包(bao)單位和經銷(xiao)商的那時候，在系統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)方案(an)和設計方案(an)階段(duan)一(yi)般還會(hui)包(bao)含對外(wai)(wai)開(kai)放分(fen)包(bao)和合(he)同訂立(li)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)中(zhong)(zhong)。此項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)中(zhong)(zhong)也歸屬于方案(an)分(fen)配的層(ceng)面(mian)，因(yin)此它被區劃(hua)在這里一(yi)階段(duan)。-般此項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)中(zhong)(zhong)包(bao)含承發(fa)包(bao)投(tou)標(biao)書的制(zhi)訂、發(fa)標(biao)、招標(biao)會(hui)、投(tou)標(biao)、招標(biao)和簽署承包(bao)協議等內容。業務(wu)(wu)外(wai)(wai)包(bao)的系統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)中(zhong)(zhong)能(neng)(neng)夠各(ge)種各(ge)樣，一(yi)個(ge)系統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)能(neng)(neng)夠是(shi)所(suo)有業務(wu)(wu)外(wai)(wai)包(bao)，還可以是(shi)一(yi)部(bu)分(fen)業務(wu)(wu)外(wai)(wai)包(bao)。系統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)中(zhong)(zhong)業務(wu)(wu)外(wai)(wai)包(bao)的方式也各(ge)種各(ge)樣，能(neng)(neng)夠是(shi)總承包(bao)、工(gong)(gong)程分(fen)包(bao)等。
系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)保(bao)持過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)是由(you)一(yi)(yi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)列的(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)階段或(huo)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)工作(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)組成的(de)(de)，一(yi)(yi)切系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)能(neng)夠區劃為(wei)好幾(ji)個不(bu)一(yi)(yi)樣的(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)階段或(huo)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)工作(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)。可(ke)是，針對一(yi)(yi)個系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)全過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)或(huo)是-個系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)工作(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)來(lai)講，他們都必須有一(yi)(yi)-個相對性應的(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)管(guan)理(li)(li)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)。這(zhe)類(lei)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)管(guan)理(li)(li)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)般是由(you)5種不(bu)一(yi)(yi)樣的(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)管(guan)理(li)(li)實際過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)組成的(de)(de)。這(zhe)5種系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)管(guan)理(li)(li)實際過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)組成了一(yi)(yi)個系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)管(guan)理(li)(li)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)組，一(yi)(yi)個系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)管(guan)理(li)(li)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)組所包含的(de)(de)5種實際管(guan)理(li)(li)方法過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng):啟動-方案-操縱-實行(xing)-完畢。
1.系(xi)統(tong)項目啟(qi)動
在(zai)系統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)管理中，啟(qi)動階段(duan)是鑒(jian)別和(he)(he)啟(qi)動個新項(xiang) 目(mu)或系統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)新階段(duan)的(de)過程。 在(zai)這里一階段(duan)中顧客要向開(kai)發(fa)方(fang)或系統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)承(cheng)攬企業(ye)出(chu)示(shi)要求(系統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu))建(jian)議，開(kai)發(fa)方(fang)收到要求建(jian)議后(hou)，依據規定(ding)(ding)開(kai)展(zhan)系統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)鑒(jian)別和(he)(he)系統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)設計構思(si)。為了保證以適度的(de)原(yuan)因(yin)啟(qi)動適合的(de)系統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)，必須開(kai)展(zhan)利益相關者(zhe)剖析、項(xiang)目(mu)可(ke)行(xing)性(xing)和(he)(he)界(jie)定(ding)(ding)系統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)，并(bing)明確下-階段(duan)是不是必須進(jin)行(xing)。
界定(ding)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)通常是(shi)(shi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)管理過程最開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)始的(de)(de)，都(dou)是(shi)(shi)十分關(guan)鍵的(de)(de)一(yi)個每日任務(wu)。在這一(yi)階(jie)段(duan)必須回(hui)應“被開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)發(fa)設計的(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)是(shi)(shi)啥?” “為保持這目(mu)(mu)(mu)地有什么 總體(ti)目(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)是(shi)(shi)必需的(de)(de)?”“是(shi)(shi)不是(shi)(shi)存 在將會(hui)危(wei)害系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)取得(de)成功的(de)(de)假(jia)定(ding)、風險性(xing)、阻礙?”等(deng)難題。這一(yi)階(jie)段(duan)還必須明確系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)范疇(chou)，主(zhu)要包括開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)發(fa)方與客(ke)戶彼此的(de)(de)合(he)同書(shu)、手機軟件要進行的(de)(de)關(guan)鍵作用(yong)及這種作用(yong)的(de)(de)量(liang)化分析范疇(chou)、系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)發(fa)設計的(de)(de)階(jie)段(duan)周期(qi)時間等(deng);手機軟件的(de)(de)限定(ding)標(biao)準、特性(xing)、可靠性(xing)也都(dou)務(wu)必確立(li)(li)地表明;務(wu)必考慮顧客(ke)的(de)(de)規定(ding)。系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)范疇(chou)是(shi)(shi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)執行的(de)(de)根據(ju)和(he)變動的(de)(de)輸入，只能將系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)范疇(chou)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)展確立(li)(li)的(de)(de)界定(ding)，才可以開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)展非(fei)常好的(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)整體(ti)規劃。系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)總體(ti)目(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)務(wu)必是(shi)(shi)可保持可量(liang)度的(de)(de)。這一(yi)步假(jia)如管理方法得(de)不太好，會(hui)造(zao)成系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)最后(hou)不成功。
系(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目的(de)(de)啟動期盡管資源(yuan)投(tou)人(ren)少，親身經歷(li)的(de)(de)時間較(jiao)短，但其必要性(xing)確(que)是無法估量的(de)(de)。針對開發方而(er)言，它(ta)立即決(jue)策著可否獲得系(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目的(de)(de)修建(jian)權;對系(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目的(de)(de)總體(ti)目標而(er)言，這(zhe)一階(jie)段(duan)明確(que)提出的(de)(de)系(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目計劃(hua)方案(an)立即決(jue)策著其將來(lai)的(de)(de)宏偉(wei)藍圖和基(ji)礎架構。
2.系統(tong)項目方(fang)案
啟(qi)動階(jie)(jie)段完畢后，系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)進入方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案階(jie)(jie)段。一(yi)(yi)(yi)般來(lai)說，顧(gu)客根據開(kai)發方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)計(ji)(ji)劃(hua)(hua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案，并簽合同(tong)以(yi)后，便進人(ren)該階(jie)(jie)段。該階(jie)(jie)段會為早(zao)已作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)出(chu)(chu)管理(li)決策要(yao)執行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)定編(bian)(bian)各(ge)式各(ge)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(對(dui)于全(quan)(quan)部(bu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)期方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案、成本計(ji)(ji)劃(hua)(hua)、質(zhi)量計(ji)(ji)劃(hua)(hua)、資源方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案和集成化方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案等)。在(zai)這(zhe)種制定計(ji)(ji)劃(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)另(ling)外，一(yi)(yi)(yi)般還必(bi)須(xu)進行(xing)(xing)必(bi)需的(de)(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)設(she)計(ji)(ji)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)，進而(er)全(quan)(quan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)位設(she)計(ji)(ji)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案和定義全(quan)(quan)部(bu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)各(ge)階(jie)(jie)段需要(yao)進行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)、相(xiang)關(guan)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)產出(chu)(chu)率物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)(quan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)位規(gui)定和要(yao)求(qiu)( 包(bao)含(han)技(ji)術性(xing)層(ceng)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)、品質(zhi)層(ceng)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)、總數層(ceng)面(mian)(mian)、經(jing)濟發展層(ceng)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)等)。事實(shi)(shi)上，這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)階(jie)(jie)段的(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)是(shi)對(dui)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產出(chu)(chu)率物(wu)和系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)出(chu)(chu)全(quan)(quan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)位的(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)計(ji)(ji)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案和要(yao)求(qiu)。系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)合理(li)管理(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法立即取決于系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案。在(zai)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)管理(li)中(zhong)，計(ji)(ji)劃(hua)(hua)編(bian)(bian)制是(shi)最繁(fan)雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)階(jie)(jie)段。定編(bian)(bian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案的(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)地是(shi)具(ju)體指導(dao)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)落(luo)實(shi)(shi)措(cuo)施。以(yi)便具(ju)體指導(dao)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)執行(xing)(xing)，方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案務(wu)必(bi)具(ju)備現實(shi)(shi)性(xing)和實(shi)(shi)效(xiao)性(xing)。因(yin)而(er)，必(bi)須(xu)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)出(chu)(chu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)具(ju)備現實(shi)(shi)性(xing)和應用性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案，必(bi)須(xu)在(zai)計(ji)(ji)劃(hua)(hua)編(bian)(bian)制過程投人(ren)很多的(de)(de)(de)(de)時間和人(ren)工(gong)(gong)服務(wu)，并且還必(bi)須(xu)有(you)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)經(jing)驗(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)員來(lai)開(kai)展方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案的(de)(de)(de)(de)定編(bian)(bian)。當應對(dui)個(ge)有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)定經(jing)營規(gui)模的(de)(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)時，通(tong)常必(bi)須(xu)對(dui)于下列難(nan)題(ti)得出(chu)(chu)整體規(gui)劃(hua)(hua):
●方案(an)系統(tong)項目報名參(can)加工作人員的組成(cheng)、職責分工與機構方法;
●對系統項目(mu)需要(yao)的硬件配置、軟件資源以及他各類花費支出作出估算(suan);
●開展系統項目任務分解，確立系統項目里程碑式(shi)以及(ji)文(wen)本文(wen)檔(dang)成份;
●對(dui)系統開發設計(ji)項目風險(xian)(xian)性(xing)作出估算，并對(dui)減少風險(xian)(xian)性(xing)得(de)出方案;
●制(zhi)訂(ding)工作(zuo)中流程，分(fen)配工作(zuo)中系(xi)統(tong)進程和人員(yuan)配置;
●制訂(ding)系(xi)統(tong)項目操(cao)縱(zong)、監管對策。
方案(an)的(de)詳盡(jin)和(he)(he)復雜性與系統項目的(de)經營規(gui)模(mo)、種類息(xi)息(xi)相(xiang)關，但方案(an)的(de)編制(zhi)管(guan)理次序基(ji)本(ben)一(yi)致，包含:總體(ti)目標(biao)溶解(jie)(jie)、每日(ri)任(ren)務(wu)主(zhu)題(ti)活動的(de)明確、每日(ri)任(ren)務(wu)主(zhu)題(ti)活動溶解(jie)(jie)和(he)(he)排列、達到(dao)(dao)目標(biao)的(de)時間(jian)估(gu)計(ji)、進度計(ji)劃表、資(zi)源(yuan)方案(an)、經費預算和(he)(he)編出方案(an)文(wen)本(ben)文(wen)檔。此外，制(zhi)定目標(biao)也要(yao)考慮到(dao)(dao)質(zhi)量計(ji)劃、機構方案(an)、溝(gou)通交流方案(an)、風險分析及解(jie)(jie)決對策等。對各個領(ling)域考慮到(dao)(dao)得越周全，越有(you)益(yi)于下階段的(de)開展。
當一(yi)個系(xi)(xi)統項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)中必(bi)須(xu)應用(yong)外(wai)界承(cheng)(cheng)包單位(wei)和經銷商的(de)(de)那時候，在系(xi)(xi)統項(xiang)目(mu)方(fang)案和設(she)計方(fang)案階(jie)段一(yi)般(ban)還會(hui)包含(han)對外(wai)開放分(fen)包和合同訂立工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)中。此(ci)(ci)項(xiang)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)中也(ye)歸(gui)屬于方(fang)案分(fen)配的(de)(de)層面(mian)，因此(ci)(ci)它被區劃在這里一(yi)階(jie)段。-般(ban)此(ci)(ci)項(xiang)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)中包含(han)承(cheng)(cheng)發包投標(biao)(biao)書的(de)(de)制(zhi)訂、發標(biao)(biao)、招標(biao)(biao)會(hui)、投標(biao)(biao)、招標(biao)(biao)和簽署承(cheng)(cheng)包協議等內容。業(ye)務外(wai)包的(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)統項(xiang)目(mu)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)中能(neng)夠(gou)(gou)各種(zhong)各樣，一(yi)個系(xi)(xi)統項(xiang)目(mu)能(neng)夠(gou)(gou)是所有(you)業(ye)務外(wai)包，還可以(yi)是一(yi)部(bu)分(fen)業(ye)務外(wai)包。系(xi)(xi)統項(xiang)目(mu)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)中業(ye)務外(wai)包的(de)(de)方(fang)式也(ye)各種(zhong)各樣，能(neng)夠(gou)(gou)是總(zong)承(cheng)(cheng)包、工(gong)(gong)程分(fen)包等。
系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)保(bao)持過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)由(you)一(yi)(yi)系(xi)(xi)列(lie)的(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)階段或系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)工(gong)作中(zhong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)的(de)(de)，一(yi)(yi)切系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)能夠區劃為好幾個不一(yi)(yi)樣的(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)階段或系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)工(gong)作中(zhong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)。可是(shi)，針(zhen)對一(yi)(yi)個系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)全(quan)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)或是(shi)-個系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)工(gong)作中(zhong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)來講(jiang)，他們(men)都必須有(you)一(yi)(yi)-個相對性(xing)應(ying)的(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)。這類系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)般(ban)是(shi)由(you)5種不一(yi)(yi)樣的(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)實(shi)際(ji)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)的(de)(de)。這5種系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)實(shi)際(ji)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)組(zu)(zu)成(cheng)了一(yi)(yi)個系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)組(zu)(zu)，一(yi)(yi)個系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)組(zu)(zu)所(suo)包含(han)的(de)(de)5種實(shi)際(ji)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)方法過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng):啟動-方案-操縱(zong)-實(shi)行-完畢。
1.系統項(xiang)目啟(qi)動(dong)
在(zai)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)管理中，啟動(dong)階段(duan)(duan)是鑒(jian)別和(he)啟動(dong)個(ge)新項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang) 目(mu)或(huo)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)新階段(duan)(duan)的(de)過程。 在(zai)這(zhe)里一(yi)階段(duan)(duan)中顧客要向(xiang)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)方或(huo)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)承攬(lan)企業出(chu)示要求(系(xi)(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu))建議(yi)，開(kai)(kai)發(fa)方收到(dao)要求建議(yi)后，依據規定(ding)開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)的(de)鑒(jian)別和(he)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)的(de)設(she)計(ji)構思。為了保證以適度的(de)原因(yin)啟動(dong)適合的(de)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)，必(bi)須開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)利(li)益(yi)相關者剖(pou)析(xi)、項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)可行性(xing)和(he)界(jie)定(ding)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)，并明(ming)確下-階段(duan)(duan)是不是必(bi)須進行。
界(jie)定(ding)(ding)(ding)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)通常是(shi)(shi)(shi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)管(guan)理(li)過程最(zui)開始的(de)(de)(de)(de)，都是(shi)(shi)(shi)十分關鍵的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個每日任務。在這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)階段(duan)必(bi)須回應(ying)“被(bei)開發(fa)設計的(de)(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)啥?” “為保持這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)目(mu)(mu)地有什么 總體(ti)目(mu)(mu)標(biao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)必(bi)需的(de)(de)(de)(de)?”“是(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)存 在將會危(wei)害系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)取得(de)成功的(de)(de)(de)(de)假定(ding)(ding)(ding)、風險(xian)性(xing)、阻(zu)礙(ai)?”等(deng)難題。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)階段(duan)還必(bi)須明(ming)確(que)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)范(fan)(fan)疇(chou)，主(zhu)要包括開發(fa)方(fang)與客戶彼此的(de)(de)(de)(de)合同書、手機軟(ruan)件(jian)要進(jin)行的(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵作(zuo)用(yong)及這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)作(zuo)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)量(liang)化分析范(fan)(fan)疇(chou)、系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)開發(fa)設計的(de)(de)(de)(de)階段(duan)周(zhou)期(qi)時(shi)間等(deng);手機軟(ruan)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)限定(ding)(ding)(ding)標(biao)準(zhun)、特性(xing)、可靠性(xing)也都務必(bi)確(que)立地表明(ming);務必(bi)考慮顧客的(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)。系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)范(fan)(fan)疇(chou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)執行的(de)(de)(de)(de)根據和變動的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸入，只能將系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)范(fan)(fan)疇(chou)開展(zhan)確(que)立的(de)(de)(de)(de)界(jie)定(ding)(ding)(ding)，才可以(yi)開展(zhan)非常好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)整體(ti)規(gui)劃。系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)總體(ti)目(mu)(mu)標(biao)務必(bi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)可保持可量(liang)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)。這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)步假如管(guan)理(li)方(fang)法(fa)得(de)不(bu)太(tai)好(hao)，會造成系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)后不(bu)成功。
系(xi)(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目的(de)(de)啟(qi)動期盡管資源(yuan)投人(ren)少，親身(shen)經歷的(de)(de)時間較短，但其必要性確是無法估(gu)量的(de)(de)。針對(dui)開發方(fang)(fang)而言，它立即(ji)決(jue)策(ce)著可(ke)否獲得系(xi)(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目的(de)(de)修建權;對(dui)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目的(de)(de)總體目標而言，這(zhe)一階段明確提出的(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目計劃(hua)方(fang)(fang)案(an)立即(ji)決(jue)策(ce)著其將來的(de)(de)宏偉藍圖和基礎架(jia)構。
2.系統項目方(fang)案
啟動階段(duan)完畢后(hou)，系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)進(jin)入方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)階段(duan)。一般來說，顧客根(gen)據開發方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)劃方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)，并簽(qian)合同以(yi)后(hou)，便進(jin)人(ren)該(gai)階段(duan)。該(gai)階段(duan)會為早已作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)出(chu)(chu)管(guan)理決策要(yao)執(zhi)行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)定(ding)編(bian)各(ge)式各(ge)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(對(dui)于全部系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)期方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)、成(cheng)本計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)劃、質量計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)劃、資源方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)和(he)(he)集成(cheng)化方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)等)。在(zai)這種制定(ding)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)劃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)另外，一般還(huan)必(bi)(bi)須(xu)(xu)進(jin)行(xing)必(bi)(bi)需的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)，進(jin)而全方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)位設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)和(he)(he)定(ding)義全部系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)、系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)各(ge)階段(duan)需要(yao)進(jin)行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)、相關(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)產出(chu)(chu)率物的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)位規定(ding)和(he)(he)要(yao)求( 包含技術性(xing)層(ceng)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、品質層(ceng)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、總數層(ceng)面、經濟發展(zhan)層(ceng)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)等)。事實上，這一階段(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)是對(dui)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產出(chu)(chu)率物和(he)(he)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)出(chu)(chu)全方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)位的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)和(he)(he)要(yao)求。系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合理管(guan)理方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法立即(ji)取決于系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)。在(zai)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)管(guan)理中(zhong)，計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)劃編(bian)制是最(zui)繁雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)階段(duan)。定(ding)編(bian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵目(mu)(mu)地是具(ju)(ju)體指導(dao)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)落實措施。以(yi)便具(ju)(ju)體指導(dao)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)執(zhi)行(xing)，方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)務必(bi)(bi)具(ju)(ju)備(bei)現實性(xing)和(he)(he)實效性(xing)。因而，必(bi)(bi)須(xu)(xu)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)出(chu)(chu)一一個具(ju)(ju)備(bei)現實性(xing)和(he)(he)應用性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)，必(bi)(bi)須(xu)(xu)在(zai)計(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)劃編(bian)制過程投人(ren)很多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時間和(he)(he)人(ren)工(gong)服務，并且還(huan)必(bi)(bi)須(xu)(xu)有方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)經驗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)員來開展(zhan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)定(ding)編(bian)。當應對(dui)個有一定(ding)經營規模的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)時，通常必(bi)(bi)須(xu)(xu)對(dui)于下(xia)列難題得出(chu)(chu)整體規劃:
●方(fang)案系統項目報名參加(jia)工(gong)作(zuo)人員(yuan)的組(zu)成、職責分工(gong)與(yu)機構方(fang)法;
●對系(xi)統項目需要的硬件配置、軟件資源以及他各類花費支出(chu)(chu)作(zuo)出(chu)(chu)估算;
●開(kai)展系統項(xiang)目任務分解，確立系統項(xiang)目里(li)程碑(bei)式以(yi)及(ji)文本文檔(dang)成(cheng)份(fen);
●對系統開發設計(ji)項目風(feng)(feng)險性作出(chu)估算，并對減少風(feng)(feng)險性得(de)出(chu)方案;
●制(zhi)訂工作(zuo)中流程，分配(pei)工作(zuo)中系統進程和人員配(pei)置(zhi);
●制訂系統項目操縱、監管對(dui)策。
方(fang)案(an)的(de)(de)(de)詳盡和(he)(he)復(fu)雜性與系統項(xiang)目的(de)(de)(de)經營規模(mo)、種類息息相關，但方(fang)案(an)的(de)(de)(de)編制管(guan)理次序基(ji)本(ben)一致，包含:總體目標溶(rong)解、每(mei)日任務主題活動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)明確、每(mei)日任務主題活動(dong)溶(rong)解和(he)(he)排列、達(da)到目標的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間估計(ji)、進度計(ji)劃表(biao)、資源方(fang)案(an)、經費(fei)預(yu)算和(he)(he)編出方(fang)案(an)文(wen)本(ben)文(wen)檔。此外，制定目標也要(yao)考(kao)慮到質量計(ji)劃、機構方(fang)案(an)、溝通交流方(fang)案(an)、風險分析及解決對策等。對各個領域考(kao)慮到得越周全，越有益于下(xia)階段的(de)(de)(de)開展。
當一(yi)(yi)個系統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)必(bi)須(xu)應(ying)用外(wai)界承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)單位和(he)經銷商的(de)(de)(de)那時候，在(zai)系統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目方(fang)案和(he)設計(ji)方(fang)案階段一(yi)(yi)般(ban)還會(hui)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)含對外(wai)開放分包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)和(he)合(he)同訂(ding)立工(gong)(gong)作中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。此項(xiang)工(gong)(gong)作中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)也歸(gui)屬(shu)于方(fang)案分配(pei)的(de)(de)(de)層(ceng)面，因此它被區劃在(zai)這(zhe)里一(yi)(yi)階段。-般(ban)此項(xiang)工(gong)(gong)作中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)含承(cheng)(cheng)發(fa)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)投標書的(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)訂(ding)、發(fa)標、招標會(hui)、投標、招標和(he)簽署(shu)承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)協議等內容。業(ye)(ye)務(wu)外(wai)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)(de)系統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目工(gong)(gong)作中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)能(neng)夠各種各樣，一(yi)(yi)個系統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目能(neng)夠是所有業(ye)(ye)務(wu)外(wai)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，還可以是一(yi)(yi)部分業(ye)(ye)務(wu)外(wai)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。系統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目工(gong)(gong)作中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)(ye)務(wu)外(wai)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)式也各種各樣，能(neng)夠是總承(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)、工(gong)(gong)程分包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)等。
系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)保持過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)由(you)一(yi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)列的(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)階段或(huo)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)工(gong)作中(zhong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)組(zu)成的(de)(de)，一(yi)切系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)能夠區劃為好(hao)幾個(ge)不(bu)一(yi)樣的(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)階段或(huo)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)工(gong)作中(zhong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。可是(shi)，針對一(yi)個(ge)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)全過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)或(huo)是(shi)-個(ge)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)工(gong)作中(zhong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)來(lai)講，他們(men)都必須有一(yi)-個(ge)相對性應的(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。這類系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)般(ban)是(shi)由(you)5種不(bu)一(yi)樣的(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)實(shi)際過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)組(zu)成的(de)(de)。這5種系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)實(shi)際過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)組(zu)成了一(yi)個(ge)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)組(zu)，一(yi)個(ge)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)組(zu)所(suo)包含的(de)(de)5種實(shi)際管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)方(fang)法(fa)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng):啟動(dong)-方(fang)案-操(cao)縱-實(shi)行-完畢。
1.系統項目啟動
在系(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)理中(zhong)(zhong)，啟(qi)動階(jie)(jie)段是鑒(jian)別和啟(qi)動個(ge)新項(xiang)(xiang) 目(mu)(mu)(mu)或系(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)新階(jie)(jie)段的(de)過程。 在這里(li)一階(jie)(jie)段中(zhong)(zhong)顧(gu)客要(yao)向開(kai)發方(fang)或系(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)承攬(lan)企業出示要(yao)求(系(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu))建(jian)議，開(kai)發方(fang)收到要(yao)求建(jian)議后(hou)，依(yi)據規定(ding)開(kai)展系(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)鑒(jian)別和系(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)設計(ji)構思。為了保證以適度的(de)原因啟(qi)動適合(he)的(de)系(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)，必(bi)須開(kai)展利益相關者剖析、項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)可行(xing)性和界定(ding)系(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)，并明確下-階(jie)(jie)段是不是必(bi)須進行(xing)。
界定(ding)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)通常是(shi)(shi)(shi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)理(li)過程最開始的(de)(de)(de)(de)，都是(shi)(shi)(shi)十分關鍵的(de)(de)(de)(de)一個每(mei)日任(ren)務(wu)(wu)。在(zai)這一階(jie)段(duan)(duan)必(bi)(bi)(bi)須回應(ying)“被開發設計的(de)(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)啥?” “為保持(chi)(chi)這目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)地(di)有什么 總體(ti)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)必(bi)(bi)(bi)需(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)?”“是(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)存(cun) 在(zai)將會危害(hai)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)取得成功(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)假定(ding)、風(feng)險性、阻礙(ai)?”等(deng)難題。這一階(jie)段(duan)(duan)還必(bi)(bi)(bi)須明確(que)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)范疇，主要包括開發方與(yu)客戶彼此的(de)(de)(de)(de)合同書、手機軟(ruan)件(jian)要進行的(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵作用及(ji)這種作用的(de)(de)(de)(de)量化分析范疇、系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)開發設計的(de)(de)(de)(de)階(jie)段(duan)(duan)周(zhou)期時間(jian)等(deng);手機軟(ruan)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)限定(ding)標(biao)準、特(te)性、可(ke)靠性也(ye)都務(wu)(wu)必(bi)(bi)(bi)確(que)立地(di)表明;務(wu)(wu)必(bi)(bi)(bi)考慮顧客的(de)(de)(de)(de)規定(ding)。系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)范疇是(shi)(shi)(shi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)執行的(de)(de)(de)(de)根據(ju)和變動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸入，只能將系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)范疇開展確(que)立的(de)(de)(de)(de)界定(ding)，才可(ke)以開展非常好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)整體(ti)規劃(hua)。系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)總體(ti)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)務(wu)(wu)必(bi)(bi)(bi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)保持(chi)(chi)可(ke)量度的(de)(de)(de)(de)。這一步(bu)假如管(guan)理(li)方法(fa)得不(bu)太好(hao)，會造成系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)最后不(bu)成功(gong)。
系統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目的(de)(de)啟動期盡管資源(yuan)投(tou)人少，親身經(jing)歷的(de)(de)時(shi)間較短，但其必(bi)要性確(que)是無(wu)法估量的(de)(de)。針(zhen)對開發方而(er)言，它立即決策著可否(fou)獲得(de)系統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目的(de)(de)修建權(quan);對系統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目的(de)(de)總體目標(biao)而(er)言，這一(yi)階段明(ming)確(que)提出的(de)(de)系統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目計劃方案立即決策著其將來的(de)(de)宏(hong)偉藍(lan)圖和基礎(chu)架構。
2.系統項目方案
啟動階(jie)段(duan)(duan)完畢后，系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項目(mu)(mu)進(jin)入方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)階(jie)段(duan)(duan)。一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)來說，顧客根據開發方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項目(mu)(mu)計(ji)劃(hua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)，并簽合(he)同(tong)以(yi)后，便進(jin)人(ren)該階(jie)段(duan)(duan)。該階(jie)段(duan)(duan)會為早(zao)已作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)出(chu)管(guan)理決策要(yao)執行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項目(mu)(mu)定(ding)(ding)編各式各樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(對(dui)于(yu)(yu)全(quan)部(bu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)、成(cheng)本計(ji)劃(hua)、質量(liang)計(ji)劃(hua)、資源方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)和(he)集成(cheng)化方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)等(deng))。在(zai)這(zhe)種(zhong)制(zhi)定(ding)(ding)計(ji)劃(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)另外，一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)還(huan)必(bi)須(xu)(xu)(xu)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)必(bi)需的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項目(mu)(mu)設計(ji)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)，進(jin)而全(quan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)位(wei)設計(ji)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)和(he)定(ding)(ding)義全(quan)部(bu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項目(mu)(mu)、系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項目(mu)(mu)各階(jie)段(duan)(duan)需要(yao)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)、相關系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項目(mu)(mu)產出(chu)率物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)位(wei)規定(ding)(ding)和(he)要(yao)求( 包含技術(shu)性層面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、品質層面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、總數層面、經(jing)濟發展層面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)等(deng))。事實上，這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)階(jie)段(duan)(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)是對(dui)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產出(chu)率物(wu)和(he)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項目(mu)(mu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)出(chu)全(quan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設計(ji)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)和(he)要(yao)求。系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)理管(guan)理方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法立即取決于(yu)(yu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項目(mu)(mu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)。在(zai)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項目(mu)(mu)管(guan)理中(zhong)，計(ji)劃(hua)編制(zhi)是最繁雜(za)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)階(jie)段(duan)(duan)。定(ding)(ding)編系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項目(mu)(mu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵目(mu)(mu)地是具體指(zhi)導系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)落實措施。以(yi)便具體指(zhi)導系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)執行(xing)(xing)，方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)務必(bi)具備現(xian)實性和(he)實效性。因而，必(bi)須(xu)(xu)(xu)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)出(chu)一(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)個具備現(xian)實性和(he)應用性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)，必(bi)須(xu)(xu)(xu)在(zai)計(ji)劃(hua)編制(zhi)過程(cheng)投人(ren)很多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間和(he)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)服務，并且還(huan)必(bi)須(xu)(xu)(xu)有(you)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)經(jing)驗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)員來開展方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)定(ding)(ding)編。當應對(dui)個有(you)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)經(jing)營規模的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項目(mu)(mu)時(shi)，通常必(bi)須(xu)(xu)(xu)對(dui)于(yu)(yu)下列難題得出(chu)整體規劃(hua):
●方(fang)案系統項目(mu)報名參加工作人員的組成(cheng)、職責分工與(yu)機構方(fang)法(fa);
●對系統項目需要(yao)的硬件(jian)配(pei)置、軟件(jian)資源以及(ji)他各(ge)類(lei)花費(fei)支出作出估算;
●開展(zhan)系統項(xiang)目任務分解，確立系統項(xiang)目里(li)程碑式(shi)以(yi)及文本(ben)文檔(dang)成(cheng)份(fen);
●對系統開發設計項(xiang)目風險性作出(chu)估(gu)算(suan)，并對減少風險性得出(chu)方案;
●制訂工作(zuo)中流程，分配工作(zuo)中系統進程和人員配置;
●制訂系統項目操縱、監管對(dui)策。
方案(an)(an)的詳盡和復雜性(xing)與系統(tong)項目(mu)的經(jing)營規模、種類(lei)息息相關，但方案(an)(an)的編(bian)制管理次序(xu)基本(ben)一(yi)致，包含:總體目(mu)標溶(rong)解(jie)、每日任務主(zhu)題(ti)活動的明確(que)、每日任務主(zhu)題(ti)活動溶(rong)解(jie)和排列、達到(dao)目(mu)標的時間估計、進度計劃表、資(zi)源方案(an)(an)、經(jing)費(fei)預算和編(bian)出(chu)方案(an)(an)文本(ben)文檔。此外(wai)，制定目(mu)標也要考(kao)慮(lv)到(dao)質量計劃、機構方案(an)(an)、溝(gou)通交流方案(an)(an)、風(feng)險分析及(ji)解(jie)決對(dui)策等。對(dui)各個領域考(kao)慮(lv)到(dao)得越周全，越有益于下階段的開展(zhan)。
當一(yi)個(ge)系(xi)統項(xiang)(xiang)目的工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)必須應(ying)用外(wai)(wai)(wai)界承包(bao)單(dan)位和(he)(he)經銷商的那時候(hou)，在系(xi)統項(xiang)(xiang)目方案和(he)(he)設計方案階(jie)段一(yi)般(ban)還(huan)會包(bao)含(han)對外(wai)(wai)(wai)開(kai)放分(fen)包(bao)和(he)(he)合(he)同(tong)訂立工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)。此項(xiang)(xiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)也(ye)歸屬于方案分(fen)配的層(ceng)面(mian)，因此它被區劃在這里一(yi)階(jie)段。-般(ban)此項(xiang)(xiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)包(bao)含(han)承發(fa)包(bao)投標(biao)書的制訂、發(fa)標(biao)、招(zhao)標(biao)會、投標(biao)、招(zhao)標(biao)和(he)(he)簽署(shu)承包(bao)協議等(deng)(deng)內容。業(ye)務外(wai)(wai)(wai)包(bao)的系(xi)統項(xiang)(xiang)目工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)能夠(gou)(gou)各種(zhong)各樣(yang)，一(yi)個(ge)系(xi)統項(xiang)(xiang)目能夠(gou)(gou)是所(suo)有業(ye)務外(wai)(wai)(wai)包(bao)，還(huan)可以(yi)是一(yi)部分(fen)業(ye)務外(wai)(wai)(wai)包(bao)。系(xi)統項(xiang)(xiang)目工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)業(ye)務外(wai)(wai)(wai)包(bao)的方式也(ye)各種(zhong)各樣(yang)，能夠(gou)(gou)是總(zong)承包(bao)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)程分(fen)包(bao)等(deng)(deng)。
