系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)保持過(guo)(guo)(guo)程是(shi)由一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)列(lie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)階(jie)段(duan)或系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)工作中(zhong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)切系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)能夠區劃為好幾個(ge)不一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)階(jie)段(duan)或系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)工作中(zhong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程。可是(shi)，針對一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)全過(guo)(guo)(guo)程或是(shi)-個(ge)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工作中(zhong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程來講，他們都(dou)必(bi)須有一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)-個(ge)相對性應的(de)(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)管理(li)(li)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程。這(zhe)類系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)管理(li)(li)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程般是(shi)由5種不一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)管理(li)(li)實際(ji)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。這(zhe)5種系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)管理(li)(li)實際(ji)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)了一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)管理(li)(li)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程組(zu)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)管理(li)(li)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程組(zu)所包含的(de)(de)(de)(de)5種實際(ji)管理(li)(li)方法過(guo)(guo)(guo)程:啟動-方案-操縱(zong)-實行-完畢。
1.系統項目(mu)啟動
在系(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)管理中，啟動階(jie)段(duan)是鑒(jian)別和啟動個新(xin)項(xiang) 目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)或(huo)系(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)新(xin)階(jie)段(duan)的過程(cheng)。 在這里(li)一階(jie)段(duan)中顧(gu)客(ke)要向開發方或(huo)系(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)承攬企業(ye)出(chu)示(shi)要求(系(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu))建議(yi)，開發方收到要求建議(yi)后，依據(ju)規定開展系(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的鑒(jian)別和系(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的設計構思。為(wei)了(le)保證以適度的原因(yin)啟動適合的系(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)，必須開展利(li)益(yi)相關(guan)者剖析(xi)、項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)可行性和界定系(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)，并明確下-階(jie)段(duan)是不是必須進行。
界定(ding)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)通常是(shi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)管理(li)(li)過程最開(kai)(kai)(kai)始(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，都(dou)是(shi)十分(fen)關鍵的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個每日任務(wu)(wu)。在(zai)這一(yi)(yi)階段必(bi)須回應“被(bei)開(kai)(kai)(kai)發設計的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)是(shi)啥?” “為(wei)保(bao)持這目(mu)(mu)地(di)有(you)什么 總體(ti)(ti)目(mu)(mu)標是(shi)必(bi)需的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)?”“是(shi)不(bu)(bu)是(shi)存 在(zai)將會(hui)危害系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)取得(de)(de)成功(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)假定(ding)、風險性、阻礙(ai)?”等難題。這一(yi)(yi)階段還必(bi)須明(ming)確(que)(que)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)范疇(chou)，主要(yao)(yao)包括開(kai)(kai)(kai)發方與(yu)客戶彼此的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合同書、手機(ji)軟件要(yao)(yao)進行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵作用及這種作用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)量化分(fen)析范疇(chou)、系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)開(kai)(kai)(kai)發設計的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)階段周期時間等;手機(ji)軟件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)限(xian)定(ding)標準(zhun)、特性、可靠性也都(dou)務(wu)(wu)必(bi)確(que)(que)立地(di)表明(ming);務(wu)(wu)必(bi)考慮顧(gu)客的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)。系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)范疇(chou)是(shi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)執行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)根據和變動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸入，只(zhi)能將系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)范疇(chou)開(kai)(kai)(kai)展(zhan)確(que)(que)立的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)界定(ding)，才可以(yi)開(kai)(kai)(kai)展(zhan)非常好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)整體(ti)(ti)規(gui)劃。系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)總體(ti)(ti)目(mu)(mu)標務(wu)(wu)必(bi)是(shi)可保(bao)持可量度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。這一(yi)(yi)步假如管理(li)(li)方法得(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)太好，會(hui)造(zao)成系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最后不(bu)(bu)成功(gong)。
系統(tong)項目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)啟(qi)動期盡(jin)管資源(yuan)投人(ren)少，親(qin)身(shen)經歷的(de)(de)時間較(jiao)短，但其必要(yao)性確是無法估量的(de)(de)。針對開發方而言(yan)(yan)，它(ta)立即決策著可(ke)否獲得系統(tong)項目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)修(xiu)建權;對系統(tong)項目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)總體目(mu)(mu)標而言(yan)(yan)，這一(yi)階段明(ming)確提出的(de)(de)系統(tong)項目(mu)(mu)計劃方案立即決策著其將來的(de)(de)宏偉藍圖和基礎架構。
2.系統項目(mu)方(fang)案
啟動階(jie)段(duan)完畢后(hou)，系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)進(jin)入方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)階(jie)段(duan)。一般來說(shuo)，顧客(ke)根據開發(fa)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)計(ji)(ji)(ji)劃(hua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)，并(bing)簽合(he)(he)同以后(hou)，便進(jin)人(ren)該階(jie)段(duan)。該階(jie)段(duan)會為早已作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)出(chu)管理決策要執行的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)定編各式各樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(對(dui)(dui)于全(quan)(quan)部系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)期(qi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)、成本計(ji)(ji)(ji)劃(hua)、質量計(ji)(ji)(ji)劃(hua)、資源方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)和(he)(he)(he)集成化方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)等)。在這(zhe)種制(zhi)定計(ji)(ji)(ji)劃(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)另(ling)外，一般還必(bi)(bi)(bi)須(xu)進(jin)行必(bi)(bi)(bi)需(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)，進(jin)而全(quan)(quan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)位(wei)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)和(he)(he)(he)定義全(quan)(quan)部系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)、系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)各階(jie)段(duan)需(xu)要進(jin)行的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)、相關系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)產(chan)出(chu)率物的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)(quan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)位(wei)規(gui)定和(he)(he)(he)要求(qiu)( 包含技術性層面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、品質層面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、總數層面、經(jing)濟發(fa)展(zhan)層面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)等)。事實(shi)上，這(zhe)一階(jie)段(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵(jian)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)是(shi)對(dui)(dui)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)出(chu)率物和(he)(he)(he)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)出(chu)全(quan)(quan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)和(he)(he)(he)要求(qiu)。系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)理管理方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法立即取決于系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)。在系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)管理中(zhong)，計(ji)(ji)(ji)劃(hua)編制(zhi)是(shi)最(zui)繁雜(za)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)階(jie)段(duan)。定編系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵(jian)目(mu)(mu)(mu)地是(shi)具體指導(dao)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)落實(shi)措施(shi)。以便具體指導(dao)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)執行，方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)務(wu)必(bi)(bi)(bi)具備現實(shi)性和(he)(he)(he)實(shi)效性。因而，必(bi)(bi)(bi)須(xu)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)出(chu)一一個具備現實(shi)性和(he)(he)(he)應用性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)，必(bi)(bi)(bi)須(xu)在計(ji)(ji)(ji)劃(hua)編制(zhi)過(guo)程投(tou)人(ren)很多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間和(he)(he)(he)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)服務(wu)，并(bing)且還必(bi)(bi)(bi)須(xu)有方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)經(jing)驗(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)員來開展(zhan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)定編。當應對(dui)(dui)個有一定經(jing)營規(gui)模(mo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)時(shi)，通(tong)常(chang)必(bi)(bi)(bi)須(xu)對(dui)(dui)于下列難題得出(chu)整體規(gui)劃(hua):
●方(fang)案系(xi)統項目報名參加工作人員(yuan)的組成、職責分工與機構方(fang)法;
●對(dui)系(xi)統(tong)項目需要(yao)的硬件配置、軟(ruan)件資(zi)源以及他各類(lei)花費支出作出估算;
●開展系統(tong)項目任務(wu)分解，確立系統(tong)項目里程碑式以及文本文檔成(cheng)份;
●對(dui)系統開發設計項目風(feng)險(xian)性作出估算，并對(dui)減少(shao)風(feng)險(xian)性得(de)出方(fang)案;
●制訂工(gong)作中(zhong)流程(cheng)，分配工(gong)作中(zhong)系(xi)統進程(cheng)和(he)人員配置(zhi);
●制(zhi)訂系統項目操縱、監管對策。
方案(an)的(de)詳盡和復雜性與系統(tong)項(xiang)目的(de)經營(ying)規模、種類息息相(xiang)關，但方案(an)的(de)編制管理次序基(ji)本一(yi)致，包含:總體目標溶(rong)(rong)解(jie)、每日任務主題活動(dong)的(de)明(ming)確、每日任務主題活動(dong)溶(rong)(rong)解(jie)和排列、達(da)到目標的(de)時間(jian)估計(ji)、進度(du)計(ji)劃表、資源方案(an)、經費(fei)預算和編出方案(an)文本文檔。此外，制定目標也要(yao)考(kao)慮到質量計(ji)劃、機構方案(an)、溝通交流方案(an)、風(feng)險分析及解(jie)決對策等(deng)。對各個領(ling)域考(kao)慮到得越周全，越有益于下階段(duan)的(de)開展。
當(dang)一(yi)個(ge)系(xi)(xi)統項(xiang)目(mu)的工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)中必須(xu)應(ying)用外(wai)界承(cheng)包(bao)單位和(he)經銷商的那時候，在系(xi)(xi)統項(xiang)目(mu)方(fang)案和(he)設計(ji)方(fang)案階段一(yi)般還會包(bao)含對(dui)外(wai)開(kai)放分(fen)(fen)包(bao)和(he)合同訂立工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)中。此項(xiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)中也歸(gui)屬于方(fang)案分(fen)(fen)配的層面，因此它被區劃在這里一(yi)階段。-般此項(xiang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)中包(bao)含承(cheng)發包(bao)投(tou)標(biao)書的制訂、發標(biao)、招(zhao)標(biao)會、投(tou)標(biao)、招(zhao)標(biao)和(he)簽(qian)署承(cheng)包(bao)協(xie)議(yi)等內(nei)容。業(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)外(wai)包(bao)的系(xi)(xi)統項(xiang)目(mu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)中能夠各(ge)種各(ge)樣，一(yi)個(ge)系(xi)(xi)統項(xiang)目(mu)能夠是(shi)所有(you)業(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)外(wai)包(bao)，還可以是(shi)一(yi)部分(fen)(fen)業(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)外(wai)包(bao)。系(xi)(xi)統項(xiang)目(mu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)中業(ye)(ye)務(wu)(wu)外(wai)包(bao)的方(fang)式(shi)也各(ge)種各(ge)樣，能夠是(shi)總承(cheng)包(bao)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)程分(fen)(fen)包(bao)等。
系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)保持過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)由(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)列的(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)階段或系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)工作中(zhong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)組(zu)(zu)成的(de)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)切系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)能夠(gou)區(qu)劃為(wei)好(hao)幾個不(bu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)樣的(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)階段或系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)工作中(zhong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。可是(shi)，針(zhen)對一(yi)(yi)(yi)個系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)全(quan)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)或是(shi)-個系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)工作中(zhong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)來講，他們都(dou)必(bi)須有一(yi)(yi)(yi)-個相對性應的(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)理(li)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。這類系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)理(li)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)般是(shi)由(you)5種不(bu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)樣的(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)理(li)實(shi)(shi)際過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)組(zu)(zu)成的(de)。這5種系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)理(li)實(shi)(shi)際過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)組(zu)(zu)成了一(yi)(yi)(yi)個系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)理(li)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)組(zu)(zu)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)個系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)理(li)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)組(zu)(zu)所包含(han)的(de)5種實(shi)(shi)際管(guan)理(li)方法過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng):啟動-方案-操(cao)縱-實(shi)(shi)行-完畢。
1.系統項目啟動
在(zai)(zai)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)管理中，啟(qi)動階段(duan)(duan)是(shi)鑒別和啟(qi)動個新(xin)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang) 目(mu)或系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)新(xin)階段(duan)(duan)的過程(cheng)。 在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)里一階段(duan)(duan)中顧客要(yao)向(xiang)開發方或系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)承攬企業出示要(yao)求(qiu)(系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu))建(jian)議(yi)，開發方收到要(yao)求(qiu)建(jian)議(yi)后，依據規定開展(zhan)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)的鑒別和系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)的設計(ji)構思。為了保證(zheng)以適度(du)的原(yuan)因啟(qi)動適合的系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)，必須開展(zhan)利(li)益相(xiang)關者剖析(xi)、項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)可(ke)行性(xing)和界(jie)定系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)，并明確下-階段(duan)(duan)是(shi)不是(shi)必須進(jin)行。
界定系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)通常(chang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)管理過程最開(kai)始的(de)(de)，都是(shi)(shi)(shi)十分關(guan)鍵(jian)的(de)(de)一(yi)個每日任務。在這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)階(jie)段(duan)必(bi)(bi)須回應“被開(kai)發(fa)設(she)計的(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)啥?” “為(wei)保持這(zhe)(zhe)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)地有什么 總體目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)必(bi)(bi)需的(de)(de)?”“是(shi)(shi)(shi)不是(shi)(shi)(shi)存 在將會危害系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)取得成功的(de)(de)假定、風險性、阻礙?”等(deng)(deng)難題。這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)階(jie)段(duan)還必(bi)(bi)須明確(que)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)范(fan)(fan)(fan)疇，主要包(bao)括(kuo)開(kai)發(fa)方與客戶彼此(ci)的(de)(de)合同書(shu)、手(shou)機軟件要進行的(de)(de)關(guan)鍵(jian)作用及這(zhe)(zhe)種作用的(de)(de)量化分析范(fan)(fan)(fan)疇、系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)開(kai)發(fa)設(she)計的(de)(de)階(jie)段(duan)周期時間等(deng)(deng);手(shou)機軟件的(de)(de)限定標(biao)(biao)(biao)準、特性、可(ke)靠性也都務必(bi)(bi)確(que)立地表明;務必(bi)(bi)考慮顧客的(de)(de)規定。系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)范(fan)(fan)(fan)疇是(shi)(shi)(shi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)執行的(de)(de)根據(ju)和變動的(de)(de)輸入，只(zhi)能(neng)將系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)范(fan)(fan)(fan)疇開(kai)展確(que)立的(de)(de)界定，才可(ke)以開(kai)展非常(chang)好(hao)的(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)整(zheng)體規劃。系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)總體目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)(biao)(biao)務必(bi)(bi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)保持可(ke)量度的(de)(de)。這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)步假如管理方法得不太(tai)好(hao)，會造成系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)最后不成功。
系統項目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)啟動期盡管資(zi)源投人少，親身經歷的(de)(de)(de)時間(jian)較短(duan)，但其必要性確是(shi)無法估量的(de)(de)(de)。針對(dui)開(kai)發方而(er)言，它立(li)(li)即決策(ce)著可否獲得系統項目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)修建(jian)權;對(dui)系統項目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)總體目(mu)(mu)標而(er)言，這一階段明確提出的(de)(de)(de)系統項目(mu)(mu)計劃方案立(li)(li)即決策(ce)著其將來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)宏偉藍圖和(he)基礎架構。
2.系統項目方案
啟動(dong)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)完畢后，系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)進(jin)入方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)。一般來說(shuo)，顧客根(gen)據(ju)開(kai)(kai)發方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)計(ji)劃(hua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)，并簽合同以后，便進(jin)人(ren)該(gai)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)。該(gai)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)會(hui)為早已作(zuo)出(chu)管理(li)(li)(li)決策要執行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)定(ding)(ding)編各式(shi)各樣的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(對(dui)于(yu)(yu)全(quan)部系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)期(qi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)、成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)計(ji)劃(hua)、質(zhi)量計(ji)劃(hua)、資源方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)和(he)集成(cheng)(cheng)化(hua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)等)。在這種(zhong)制(zhi)定(ding)(ding)計(ji)劃(hua)的(de)(de)(de)另外，一般還必(bi)須進(jin)行(xing)必(bi)需的(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)設(she)計(ji)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)工(gong)作(zuo)中(zhong)，進(jin)而全(quan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)位(wei)(wei)設(she)計(ji)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)和(he)定(ding)(ding)義全(quan)部系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)各階(jie)(jie)段(duan)需要進(jin)行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)中(zhong)、相關(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)產出(chu)率(lv)物的(de)(de)(de)全(quan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)位(wei)(wei)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)和(he)要求( 包含技(ji)術性(xing)(xing)(xing)層(ceng)(ceng)面的(de)(de)(de)、品質(zhi)層(ceng)(ceng)面的(de)(de)(de)、總(zong)數層(ceng)(ceng)面、經濟發展層(ceng)(ceng)面的(de)(de)(de)等)。事實上，這一階(jie)(jie)段(duan)的(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵工(gong)作(zuo)中(zhong)是(shi)(shi)對(dui)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)產出(chu)率(lv)物和(he)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)工(gong)作(zuo)中(zhong)作(zuo)出(chu)全(quan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)位(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)設(she)計(ji)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)和(he)要求。系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)合理(li)(li)(li)管理(li)(li)(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法立即取決于(yu)(yu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)。在系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)管理(li)(li)(li)中(zhong)，計(ji)劃(hua)編制(zhi)是(shi)(shi)最繁雜的(de)(de)(de)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)。定(ding)(ding)編系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)的(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)地是(shi)(shi)具(ju)(ju)(ju)體指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)落實措施。以便具(ju)(ju)(ju)體指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)執行(xing)，方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)務必(bi)具(ju)(ju)(ju)備(bei)現實性(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)實效性(xing)(xing)(xing)。因而，必(bi)須作(zuo)出(chu)一一個具(ju)(ju)(ju)備(bei)現實性(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)應用性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)，必(bi)須在計(ji)劃(hua)編制(zhi)過程(cheng)投人(ren)很(hen)多的(de)(de)(de)時間(jian)和(he)人(ren)工(gong)服務，并且還必(bi)須有(you)(you)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)工(gong)作(zuo)經驗的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)員來開(kai)(kai)展方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)的(de)(de)(de)定(ding)(ding)編。當應對(dui)個有(you)(you)一定(ding)(ding)經營規(gui)模的(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)時，通常必(bi)須對(dui)于(yu)(yu)下(xia)列難題得出(chu)整體規(gui)劃(hua):
●方案系統項目報名參加工(gong)作人(ren)員的組成(cheng)、職責分工(gong)與(yu)機構方法(fa);
●對系統項目(mu)需要的硬件配置、軟件資源以及他各類花費支出作出估(gu)算(suan);
●開展(zhan)系統項目(mu)任務(wu)分解，確立系統項目(mu)里程碑(bei)式以及文(wen)本文(wen)檔成份;
●對系統開(kai)發設計項目風(feng)險性(xing)(xing)作出估算(suan)，并(bing)對減少風(feng)險性(xing)(xing)得(de)出方案(an);
●制訂工作(zuo)中流程(cheng)，分配工作(zuo)中系統進程(cheng)和人員配置;
●制(zhi)訂(ding)系統項(xiang)目操縱、監管對策。
方案(an)的詳盡和復(fu)雜(za)性(xing)與系(xi)統項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的經營規模、種類息(xi)息(xi)相(xiang)關，但方案(an)的編(bian)(bian)制管理次序基本(ben)一致，包含:總體目(mu)(mu)標溶解(jie)、每日任務(wu)主題活(huo)動(dong)的明(ming)確(que)、每日任務(wu)主題活(huo)動(dong)溶解(jie)和排列、達到(dao)目(mu)(mu)標的時間估(gu)計、進度(du)計劃(hua)表、資源方案(an)、經費預算和編(bian)(bian)出方案(an)文(wen)本(ben)文(wen)檔。此外，制定目(mu)(mu)標也要考慮到(dao)質量計劃(hua)、機(ji)構方案(an)、溝通交流(liu)方案(an)、風險分析(xi)及解(jie)決對(dui)策等。對(dui)各個領域(yu)考慮到(dao)得越周全，越有益于下階段的開展(zhan)。
當一(yi)(yi)個(ge)系統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)工作(zuo)中(zhong)必須應用(yong)外界承包(bao)單位(wei)和(he)(he)經(jing)銷商的(de)(de)那時(shi)候，在(zai)系統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)方案(an)和(he)(he)設計(ji)方案(an)階段一(yi)(yi)般(ban)還(huan)會(hui)包(bao)含對外開放分包(bao)和(he)(he)合同(tong)訂立工作(zuo)中(zhong)。此項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)工作(zuo)中(zhong)也歸屬于方案(an)分配的(de)(de)層(ceng)面，因(yin)此它(ta)被區劃(hua)在(zai)這里一(yi)(yi)階段。-般(ban)此項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)工作(zuo)中(zhong)包(bao)含承發包(bao)投標(biao)書的(de)(de)制訂、發標(biao)、招標(biao)會(hui)、投標(biao)、招標(biao)和(he)(he)簽(qian)署承包(bao)協議等內容。業(ye)(ye)務(wu)外包(bao)的(de)(de)系統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)工作(zuo)中(zhong)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)各(ge)種各(ge)樣，一(yi)(yi)個(ge)系統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)是所有(you)業(ye)(ye)務(wu)外包(bao)，還(huan)可以是一(yi)(yi)部分業(ye)(ye)務(wu)外包(bao)。系統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)工作(zuo)中(zhong)業(ye)(ye)務(wu)外包(bao)的(de)(de)方式也各(ge)種各(ge)樣，能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)是總承包(bao)、工程(cheng)分包(bao)等。
系統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保持過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)是(shi)由(you)一(yi)(yi)系列的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)階段或系統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)工(gong)作中(zhong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)組(zu)(zu)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，一(yi)(yi)切系統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)能夠區劃(hua)為好幾個(ge)不一(yi)(yi)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)階段或系統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)工(gong)作中(zhong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)。可(ke)是(shi)，針對(dui)(dui)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)或是(shi)-個(ge)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作中(zhong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)來講，他們都必(bi)須有(you)一(yi)(yi)-個(ge)相對(dui)(dui)性應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)理過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)。這(zhe)類系統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)理過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)般(ban)是(shi)由(you)5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不一(yi)(yi)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)理實(shi)(shi)際(ji)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)組(zu)(zu)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。這(zhe)5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)理實(shi)(shi)際(ji)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)組(zu)(zu)成了一(yi)(yi)個(ge)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)理過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)組(zu)(zu)，一(yi)(yi)個(ge)系統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)管(guan)(guan)理過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)組(zu)(zu)所(suo)包含的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)實(shi)(shi)際(ji)管(guan)(guan)理方法過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng):啟動-方案-操縱(zong)-實(shi)(shi)行-完畢(bi)。
1.系統項目啟動(dong)
在系(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)管理(li)中(zhong)，啟動(dong)(dong)階(jie)段(duan)是鑒(jian)別和啟動(dong)(dong)個新項(xiang)(xiang) 目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)或(huo)(huo)系(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)新階(jie)段(duan)的(de)過程。 在這里(li)一階(jie)段(duan)中(zhong)顧客(ke)要向開發(fa)(fa)方或(huo)(huo)系(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)承攬企業(ye)出(chu)示要求(系(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu))建(jian)議，開發(fa)(fa)方收(shou)到(dao)要求建(jian)議后，依據(ju)規定開展系(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)鑒(jian)別和系(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)設計(ji)構思。為(wei)了保證以(yi)適度的(de)原因啟動(dong)(dong)適合的(de)系(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)，必須(xu)開展利益相關者(zhe)剖析(xi)、項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)可行(xing)性和界定系(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)，并明確下-階(jie)段(duan)是不是必須(xu)進行(xing)。
界(jie)(jie)定系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)通常(chang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)管理(li)過程最(zui)開(kai)始(shi)的(de)(de)，都是(shi)(shi)(shi)十分(fen)關(guan)鍵(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個每日任務。在這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)階(jie)段必須回應“被開(kai)發(fa)設(she)計的(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)啥?” “為(wei)保(bao)持這(zhe)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)地(di)(di)有什么 總體目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)必需的(de)(de)?”“是(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)存 在將會危(wei)害系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)取(qu)得成功(gong)的(de)(de)假(jia)定、風險性、阻礙(ai)?”等難題。這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)階(jie)段還必須明確系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)范(fan)(fan)(fan)疇，主要(yao)包括開(kai)發(fa)方(fang)與客戶彼(bi)此的(de)(de)合同書、手機軟件(jian)要(yao)進行的(de)(de)關(guan)鍵(jian)(jian)作用(yong)及這(zhe)種作用(yong)的(de)(de)量(liang)化分(fen)析范(fan)(fan)(fan)疇、系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)開(kai)發(fa)設(she)計的(de)(de)階(jie)段周(zhou)期時間等;手機軟件(jian)的(de)(de)限(xian)定標(biao)準、特性、可靠(kao)性也都務必確立地(di)(di)表明;務必考(kao)慮顧客的(de)(de)規(gui)定。系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)范(fan)(fan)(fan)疇是(shi)(shi)(shi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)執行的(de)(de)根(gen)據和變動的(de)(de)輸入，只能將系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)范(fan)(fan)(fan)疇開(kai)展確立的(de)(de)界(jie)(jie)定，才可以開(kai)展非(fei)常(chang)好的(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)整(zheng)體規(gui)劃。系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)總體目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)務必是(shi)(shi)(shi)可保(bao)持可量(liang)度(du)的(de)(de)。這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)步假(jia)如管理(li)方(fang)法得不(bu)太好，會造成系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)最(zui)后(hou)不(bu)成功(gong)。
系(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)目的(de)啟(qi)動期盡管資源投人少，親(qin)身經(jing)歷的(de)時間較(jiao)短，但其必要(yao)性確是無法估(gu)量的(de)。針(zhen)對開發方而言(yan)，它立(li)即決(jue)策著可否獲得系(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)目的(de)修建(jian)權;對系(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)目的(de)總體目標而言(yan)，這一階段(duan)明確提出的(de)系(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)目計劃方案立(li)即決(jue)策著其將來的(de)宏偉藍圖和基礎架構。
2.系統項(xiang)目方案
啟動階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)完畢后(hou)，系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)進入方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)。一(yi)(yi)般(ban)來說，顧(gu)客根據開發(fa)方(fang)(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)計(ji)劃方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)，并簽合同(tong)以(yi)(yi)后(hou)，便進人該階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)。該階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)會為(wei)早已作(zuo)(zuo)出(chu)(chu)管理決策要(yao)執行的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)定編(bian)各式(shi)各樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(對(dui)于全(quan)部(bu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)期(qi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)、成本計(ji)劃、質量計(ji)劃、資(zi)源方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)和(he)(he)(he)集(ji)成化方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)等)。在這種制定計(ji)劃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)另外，一(yi)(yi)般(ban)還必(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)須進行必(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)需(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)設計(ji)方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)中，進而全(quan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)位(wei)設計(ji)方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)和(he)(he)(he)定義全(quan)部(bu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)、系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)各階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)需(xu)要(yao)進行的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)中、相關系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)產(chan)出(chu)(chu)率物的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)位(wei)規定和(he)(he)(he)要(yao)求(qiu)( 包含(han)技術性(xing)(xing)層面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、品質層面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、總數層面、經濟(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)層面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)等)。事實(shi)上，這一(yi)(yi)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)中是對(dui)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)出(chu)(chu)率物和(he)(he)(he)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)中作(zuo)(zuo)出(chu)(chu)全(quan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設計(ji)方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)和(he)(he)(he)要(yao)求(qiu)。系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合理管理方(fang)(fang)(fang)法立即取(qu)決于系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)。在系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)管理中，計(ji)劃編(bian)制是最繁雜(za)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)。定編(bian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)地是具(ju)體指(zhi)導系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)落實(shi)措施(shi)。以(yi)(yi)便具(ju)體指(zhi)導系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)執行，方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)務必(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)具(ju)備現(xian)實(shi)性(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)實(shi)效性(xing)(xing)。因而，必(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)須作(zuo)(zuo)出(chu)(chu)一(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)個具(ju)備現(xian)實(shi)性(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)應用性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)，必(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)須在計(ji)劃編(bian)制過程投人很多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時間和(he)(he)(he)人工(gong)服(fu)務，并且還必(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)須有方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)經驗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人員來開展(zhan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)(an)(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)定編(bian)。當應對(dui)個有一(yi)(yi)定經營規模的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)時，通常必(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)須對(dui)于下(xia)列難題得出(chu)(chu)整體規劃:
●方案(an)系統項目報名參加工作(zuo)人(ren)員的組成、職責分工與機構方法(fa);
●對系(xi)統項目需要的(de)硬件(jian)配置、軟件(jian)資源(yuan)以及他各類花(hua)費支出(chu)(chu)作出(chu)(chu)估算;
●開(kai)展(zhan)系(xi)統(tong)項目(mu)(mu)任務分解(jie)，確(que)立系(xi)統(tong)項目(mu)(mu)里程碑式以及文本文檔成份;
●對系統開發設計項目風(feng)險性(xing)作出估算，并(bing)對減少風(feng)險性(xing)得(de)出方(fang)案;
●制訂工(gong)作(zuo)中流(liu)程，分配(pei)工(gong)作(zuo)中系統進程和人員配(pei)置;
●制訂系統項目操縱(zong)、監管對策。
方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)的(de)詳(xiang)盡和復雜性(xing)與系統項(xiang)目(mu)的(de)經營規模、種類息息相(xiang)關，但方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)的(de)編制管理(li)次序基本一致，包含:總(zong)體目(mu)標溶(rong)解、每(mei)日任(ren)務主題活動(dong)(dong)的(de)明(ming)確、每(mei)日任(ren)務主題活動(dong)(dong)溶(rong)解和排列、達到目(mu)標的(de)時(shi)間估計(ji)、進(jin)度計(ji)劃表(biao)、資源方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)、經費預算(suan)和編出方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)文本文檔。此外，制定目(mu)標也要(yao)考(kao)慮到質(zhi)量計(ji)劃、機構方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)、溝通交(jiao)流方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)、風險分(fen)析及解決對策等(deng)。對各個(ge)領域考(kao)慮到得越周全(quan)，越有益于下階段(duan)的(de)開展。
當(dang)一個系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項目的(de)(de)工(gong)作中必須應用外(wai)界承包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)單位(wei)和(he)(he)經銷商的(de)(de)那時候，在(zai)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項目方(fang)案和(he)(he)設計方(fang)案階段一般還會包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)含(han)對外(wai)開放(fang)分包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)和(he)(he)合同訂立工(gong)作中。此項工(gong)作中也(ye)歸屬于方(fang)案分配的(de)(de)層面，因此它被區劃在(zai)這里一階段。-般此項工(gong)作中包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)含(han)承發(fa)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)投標(biao)書(shu)的(de)(de)制(zhi)訂、發(fa)標(biao)、招標(biao)會、投標(biao)、招標(biao)和(he)(he)簽署承包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)協議等內容。業務外(wai)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項目工(gong)作中能(neng)夠各種各樣，一個系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項目能(neng)夠是所有業務外(wai)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)，還可(ke)以(yi)是一部分業務外(wai)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)項目工(gong)作中業務外(wai)包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)的(de)(de)方(fang)式也(ye)各種各樣，能(neng)夠是總承包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)、工(gong)程分包(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)等。
系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)保(bao)持(chi)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)(shi)由一(yi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)列的(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)階(jie)段(duan)或(huo)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)工作(zuo)中過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)組(zu)成的(de)(de)，一(yi)切系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)能夠(gou)區劃為好幾個(ge)(ge)不一(yi)樣的(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)階(jie)段(duan)或(huo)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)工作(zuo)中過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)。可是(shi)(shi)，針對一(yi)個(ge)(ge)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)全過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)或(huo)是(shi)(shi)-個(ge)(ge)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)工作(zuo)中過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)來講，他們都必(bi)須(xu)有一(yi)-個(ge)(ge)相對性(xing)應(ying)的(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)管理(li)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)。這(zhe)類(lei)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)管理(li)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)般是(shi)(shi)由5種不一(yi)樣的(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)管理(li)實(shi)際(ji)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)組(zu)成的(de)(de)。這(zhe)5種系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)管理(li)實(shi)際(ji)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)組(zu)成了一(yi)個(ge)(ge)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)管理(li)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)組(zu)，一(yi)個(ge)(ge)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)管理(li)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)組(zu)所(suo)包含(han)的(de)(de)5種實(shi)際(ji)管理(li)方法(fa)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng):啟(qi)動-方案-操縱(zong)-實(shi)行-完畢。
1.系統項(xiang)目啟動
在系(xi)統(tong)(tong)項目(mu)(mu)管理中，啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)是鑒別和(he)(he)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)個新項 目(mu)(mu)或系(xi)統(tong)(tong)項目(mu)(mu)新階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)的(de)過程。 在這里一階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)中顧(gu)客要向開發方或系(xi)統(tong)(tong)項目(mu)(mu)承(cheng)攬企業出示(shi)要求(qiu)(系(xi)統(tong)(tong)項目(mu)(mu))建議，開發方收到(dao)要求(qiu)建議后，依據規定開展系(xi)統(tong)(tong)項目(mu)(mu)的(de)鑒別和(he)(he)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)項目(mu)(mu)的(de)設計(ji)構(gou)思。為(wei)了(le)保證以(yi)適度(du)的(de)原因啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)適合(he)的(de)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)項目(mu)(mu)，必須開展利(li)益相關(guan)者剖析(xi)、項目(mu)(mu)可行性和(he)(he)界定系(xi)統(tong)(tong)項目(mu)(mu)，并明(ming)確下-階(jie)(jie)段(duan)(duan)是不(bu)是必須進行。
界定(ding)(ding)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)通常(chang)是(shi)(shi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)管(guan)理過程最開(kai)始的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，都(dou)是(shi)(shi)十分關鍵的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一個每(mei)日(ri)任務(wu)。在這(zhe)一階(jie)段必須(xu)(xu)回應“被開(kai)發設計(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)是(shi)(shi)啥?” “為保(bao)持這(zhe)目(mu)(mu)(mu)地(di)有什么 總體目(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)是(shi)(shi)必需的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)?”“是(shi)(shi)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)存 在將會(hui)危害系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)取得成(cheng)功的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)假定(ding)(ding)、風險性、阻礙?”等(deng)難題。這(zhe)一階(jie)段還必須(xu)(xu)明確系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)范(fan)疇，主要(yao)包括開(kai)發方與(yu)客戶彼(bi)此(ci)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合同(tong)書、手機(ji)軟件(jian)要(yao)進行的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關鍵作用及(ji)這(zhe)種作用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)量化分析范(fan)疇、系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)開(kai)發設計(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)階(jie)段周期(qi)時間等(deng);手機(ji)軟件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)限(xian)定(ding)(ding)標(biao)準、特性、可靠性也(ye)都(dou)務(wu)必確立地(di)表明;務(wu)必考慮(lv)顧客的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規定(ding)(ding)。系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)范(fan)疇是(shi)(shi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)執行的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)根(gen)據和(he)變動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸入(ru)，只能將系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)范(fan)疇開(kai)展(zhan)確立的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)界定(ding)(ding)，才可以開(kai)展(zhan)非常(chang)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)整體規劃。系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)總體目(mu)(mu)(mu)標(biao)務(wu)必是(shi)(shi)可保(bao)持可量度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。這(zhe)一步假如管(guan)理方法得不(bu)太(tai)好，會(hui)造成(cheng)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最后不(bu)成(cheng)功。
系(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)目的(de)(de)啟動期盡管資(zi)源(yuan)投人少，親身經(jing)歷(li)的(de)(de)時間較短，但其(qi)必要性確是(shi)無法估(gu)量的(de)(de)。針對(dui)開(kai)發方(fang)而(er)言，它立即(ji)(ji)決策(ce)著可(ke)否獲得系(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)目的(de)(de)修建權;對(dui)系(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)目的(de)(de)總體目標而(er)言，這一(yi)階(jie)段明確提(ti)出的(de)(de)系(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)目計劃方(fang)案立即(ji)(ji)決策(ce)著其(qi)將來的(de)(de)宏(hong)偉藍圖和基礎架(jia)構(gou)。
2.系統項目方案
啟動階段(duan)完畢后，系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)進入方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)階段(duan)。一(yi)(yi)般(ban)來說，顧(gu)客根據開發方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)的(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)計(ji)(ji)(ji)劃(hua)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)，并簽(qian)合(he)同以后，便進人(ren)該(gai)階段(duan)。該(gai)階段(duan)會為早已作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)出(chu)(chu)(chu)管理(li)決策要(yao)(yao)執行(xing)的(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)定編(bian)(bian)(bian)各式各樣的(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)(對于(yu)全(quan)部系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)施工(gong)期方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)、成(cheng)本計(ji)(ji)(ji)劃(hua)、質量計(ji)(ji)(ji)劃(hua)、資源方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)和(he)(he)集成(cheng)化方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)等)。在(zai)這(zhe)種制(zhi)定計(ji)(ji)(ji)劃(hua)的(de)另外(wai)，一(yi)(yi)般(ban)還必(bi)(bi)須進行(xing)必(bi)(bi)需的(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)設計(ji)(ji)(ji)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)(zhong)，進而全(quan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)位(wei)設計(ji)(ji)(ji)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)和(he)(he)定義全(quan)部系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)、系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)各階段(duan)需要(yao)(yao)進行(xing)的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)(zhong)、相關(guan)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)產(chan)出(chu)(chu)(chu)率(lv)物的(de)全(quan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)位(wei)規(gui)定和(he)(he)要(yao)(yao)求( 包含技術性(xing)(xing)層面(mian)(mian)的(de)、品質層面(mian)(mian)的(de)、總(zong)數(shu)層面(mian)(mian)、經(jing)濟發展層面(mian)(mian)的(de)等)。事實(shi)(shi)上，這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)階段(duan)的(de)關(guan)鍵(jian)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)(zhong)是對系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)產(chan)出(chu)(chu)(chu)率(lv)物和(he)(he)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)(zhong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)出(chu)(chu)(chu)全(quan)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)位(wei)的(de)設計(ji)(ji)(ji)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)和(he)(he)要(yao)(yao)求。系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)合(he)理(li)管理(li)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)立(li)即(ji)取決于(yu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)。在(zai)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)管理(li)中(zhong)(zhong)，計(ji)(ji)(ji)劃(hua)編(bian)(bian)(bian)制(zhi)是最(zui)繁(fan)雜的(de)階段(duan)。定編(bian)(bian)(bian)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)的(de)關(guan)鍵(jian)目(mu)(mu)地(di)是具體(ti)指導系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)落實(shi)(shi)措施。以便具體(ti)指導系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)執行(xing)，方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)務(wu)必(bi)(bi)具備現實(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)實(shi)(shi)效性(xing)(xing)。因而，必(bi)(bi)須作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)出(chu)(chu)(chu)一(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)個具備現實(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)應用性(xing)(xing)的(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)，必(bi)(bi)須在(zai)計(ji)(ji)(ji)劃(hua)編(bian)(bian)(bian)制(zhi)過程(cheng)投人(ren)很多的(de)時間和(he)(he)人(ren)工(gong)服務(wu)，并且(qie)還必(bi)(bi)須有方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)經(jing)驗的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)員來開展方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)案(an)的(de)定編(bian)(bian)(bian)。當應對個有一(yi)(yi)定經(jing)營規(gui)模的(de)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)(mu)時，通常必(bi)(bi)須對于(yu)下(xia)列難題(ti)得(de)出(chu)(chu)(chu)整(zheng)體(ti)規(gui)劃(hua):
●方案系統項目報名參加工作人員的組成、職責(ze)分工與機構方法;
●對系統項(xiang)目需要(yao)的硬件配置(zhi)、軟件資源(yuan)以及(ji)他各類花費支出作出估算;
●開展系(xi)統(tong)項目(mu)任務分解，確立系(xi)統(tong)項目(mu)里程碑式以(yi)及文本(ben)文檔成份;
●對系統開(kai)發設計項目風險性(xing)作出估算，并對減少(shao)風險性(xing)得出方案;
●制訂工作(zuo)中(zhong)(zhong)流程，分配(pei)工作(zuo)中(zhong)(zhong)系(xi)統進程和人(ren)員配(pei)置(zhi);
●制訂系統項目操(cao)縱、監管(guan)對策。
方(fang)案(an)的詳盡和復(fu)雜性與(yu)系(xi)統項目(mu)的經營規模(mo)、種類(lei)息(xi)息(xi)相關，但方(fang)案(an)的編制(zhi)管理次序基本(ben)一致，包含:總體(ti)目(mu)標(biao)溶(rong)解、每(mei)日任務(wu)主題活動的明(ming)確(que)、每(mei)日任務(wu)主題活動溶(rong)解和排列、達到(dao)目(mu)標(biao)的時間估計、進度(du)計劃(hua)表、資源(yuan)方(fang)案(an)、經費預算和編出(chu)方(fang)案(an)文本(ben)文檔。此外(wai)，制(zhi)定目(mu)標(biao)也(ye)要(yao)考慮到(dao)質量(liang)計劃(hua)、機構方(fang)案(an)、溝通交流方(fang)案(an)、風險(xian)分析及解決對策等。對各個領域考慮到(dao)得越(yue)周全，越(yue)有益于下(xia)階段的開展。
當一(yi)(yi)個系(xi)統項(xiang)目的工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)(zhong)必須應用外(wai)界承包(bao)(bao)(bao)單位和經銷商的那(nei)時候(hou)，在(zai)系(xi)統項(xiang)目方(fang)(fang)案(an)和設(she)計方(fang)(fang)案(an)階(jie)段一(yi)(yi)般(ban)還(huan)會包(bao)(bao)(bao)含對(dui)外(wai)開(kai)放(fang)分(fen)(fen)包(bao)(bao)(bao)和合同訂立(li)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)(zhong)。此項(xiang)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)(zhong)也歸屬于方(fang)(fang)案(an)分(fen)(fen)配的層(ceng)面，因此它被區劃在(zai)這(zhe)里一(yi)(yi)階(jie)段。-般(ban)此項(xiang)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)(zhong)包(bao)(bao)(bao)含承發包(bao)(bao)(bao)投標(biao)書(shu)的制訂、發標(biao)、招(zhao)標(biao)會、投標(biao)、招(zhao)標(biao)和簽署承包(bao)(bao)(bao)協議(yi)等內容(rong)。業(ye)務外(wai)包(bao)(bao)(bao)的系(xi)統項(xiang)目工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)(zhong)能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)各(ge)樣，一(yi)(yi)個系(xi)統項(xiang)目能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)是(shi)所有業(ye)務外(wai)包(bao)(bao)(bao)，還(huan)可(ke)以是(shi)一(yi)(yi)部分(fen)(fen)業(ye)務外(wai)包(bao)(bao)(bao)。系(xi)統項(xiang)目工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)中(zhong)(zhong)業(ye)務外(wai)包(bao)(bao)(bao)的方(fang)(fang)式也各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)各(ge)樣，能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)是(shi)總承包(bao)(bao)(bao)、工(gong)(gong)程分(fen)(fen)包(bao)(bao)(bao)等。
